Spanish National ID (DNI): Photo Requirements and Application Process

What is the DNI?

The Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI) is the official document that certifies the identity and Spanish nationality of its holder. It is mandatory for all Spaniards over 14 years old and is valid for 10 years for adults and 5 years for minors.

Photo Requirements for the DNI

Mandatory Technical Specifications

• Size: 35 × 45 mm
• Face Height: 32–36 mm (chin to crown)
• Background: Light and uniform (preferably white or light grey)
• Quality: High resolution, sharp, colour, no digital retouching
• Recency: Taken within the last 6 months

Composition Requirements

• Position: Frontal, looking directly at the camera
• Expression: Neutral, mouth closed, eyes open and clearly visible
• Lighting: Even, without pronounced shadows or reflections
• Focus: Sharp throughout the image, especially on the face

Clothing and Accessories Guidelines

• Glasses: Allowed if they don’t produce reflections and eyes are visible
• Head Coverings: Only for justified religious or medical reasons
• Jewelry: Permitted if it doesn’t interfere with identification
• Makeup: Natural, without dramatic changes in appearance

DNI Application Process

First Issuance (over 14 years old)

Required Documents:

• Original birth certificate (recent)
• Photograph meeting the requirements
• Presence of the minor and a parent or legal guardian
• DNI of the accompanying parent/guardian

DNI Renewal

Required Documents:

• Previous DNI (even if expired)
• Updated photograph meeting the requirements
• Payment receipt for the fee

Where to Apply

• National Police Stations
• DNI Issuance Offices
• Spanish Consulates (for residents abroad)
• Prior appointment recommended through the official website

Fees and Costs (2024)

• First issuance: Free
• Standard renewal: €12.00
• Urgent renewal: €24.00
• Duplicate for loss/theft: €24.00

Processing Time

• Standard processing: 7-10 working days
• Urgent processing: 1-2 working days
• Abroad: May vary depending on the consulate

Common Photo Rejection Reasons

1. Incorrect dimensions or face outside scale
2. Inappropriate background (colored or patterned)
3. Lack of sharpness or pixelated image
4. Reflections on glasses hiding the eyes
5. Inappropriate expression (wide smile, grimaces)
6. Poor lighting with strong shadows
7. Photo too old or not reflecting current appearance

Special Cases

DNI for Minors Under 14

• Optional until age 14
• Valid for 2 years (under 5) or 5 years (5-14 years)
• Mandatory presence of minor and parent/guardian

Loss or Theft of DNI

• Prior report at police station or Civil Guard
• Duplicate application with additional documentation
• Special fee of €24.00

Practical Tips

• Visit a professional photographer specialized in official documents
• Wear neutral colored clothing that contrasts with the background
• Avoid flashy accessories that may create shadows
• Maintain a natural and relaxed expression
• Book an appointment to avoid unnecessary waiting

Validity and Renewal

The DNI must be renewed:

• Every 10 years for adults
• Every 5 years for those under 30
• Every 2 years for children under 5

Additional Information

For specific queries about the DNI, contact the National Police through their official website or visit the nearest police station.